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Algebra
Combinatorics
Foundations
Geometry
Number Theory

Legendre’s Factorial Formula

Reals are Uncountable by Cantor Diagonalization

Rationals are Countable by Cantor Snake

Infinitely Many Primes 4n+3

Triangular Mersenne Numbers

561 is a Carmichael Number

Frobenius Endomorphism

Divisibility Tricks for 7

Eisenstein’s Criterion

Weak Wolstenholme’s Theorem

Divisibility Trick for 9

Number of Digits of an Integer

Frobenius Coin Problem

Divisibility Trick for 11

Diophantine Infinite Descent

Pythagorean Triples Parametrization

Sun Tzu’s Chinese Remainder Theorem

Linear Diophantine Equations

Diophantine Factoring and Fudging

Fermat’s Little Theorem

Euler’s Congruence Theorem

Diophantine Modular Arithmetic

Euler’s Totient Summation

Möbius Inversion Formula

Sigma Function: Sum of Divisors

Wilson’s Theorem

Simplified Fractions are Unique

Power Divisibility Lemmas

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Tau Function: Number of Divisors

Extended Euclidean Algorithm

Euclidean Algorithm for GCD

Euclid’s and Gauss’s Lemmas

Infinitude of Prime Numbers

General Bézout’s Lemma

Euclidean Division Algorithm

Pell Linear Recurrence

Lucas Linear Recurrence

Binet’s Formula for Fibonacci Numbers

Cassini’s Identity for Fibonacci Numbers

Monty Hall Paradox in Probability

Chain Rule for Events in Probability

Classifying the Platonic Solids

A Criterion for Planar Graphs

Euler’s Characteristic Formula for Planar Graphs

Handshaking Lemma in Graph Theory

Stirling Partition Number of a Set

Balls & Urns, Sticks & Stones, Stars & Bars

Counting Surjections in Combinatorics

Counting Derangements in Combinatorics

Euler’s Totient Function Formula

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion (PIE)

The Multinomial Theorem

The Binomial Theorem

Vandermonde’s Identity

Hockey Stick Identity

Sum of Squares of a Row of Pascal’s Triangle

Sum of a Row of Pascal’s Triangle

Symmetry in Pascal’s Triangle

Pascal’s Triangle and Pascal’s Identity

Multinomial Coefficients

Binomial Coefficients and Combinations

$k$-to-$1$ Correspondences

Counting Permutations

Counting the Power Set of a Finite Set

Friends and Strangers in Graph Theory

Strong Pigeonhole Principle and Reverse

Casework and Complementary Counting

What is Combinatorics?

Trigonometric Vector Cross Product

Vector Cross Product Derivation

Trigonometric Dot Product

Euclidean Triangle Inequality

Regular Octahedron: Surface Area & Volume

Regular Tetrahedron: Surface Area & Volume

Length of a Space Diagonal

Six Area Formulas for Triangles

Extended Law of Sines

Diagonals of a Cyclic Quadrilateral

Stewart’s Theorem for Triangles

Ceva’s Theorem for Triangles

Pitot’s Theorem

Cyclic Quadrilaterals

Power of a Point Theorem

Inscribed Angle Theorem

Converse of Thales’s Circle Theorem

Thales’s Circle Theorem

The Law of Cosines

Point-Line Distance Formula

Chebyshev’s Inequality

Schur’s Inequality

Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality

Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Inequality

Sophie Germain Identity

Difference and Sum of Powers

Vieta’s Polynomial Formulas

Polynomial Remainder and Factor Theorems

Complex Conjugates of Polynomial Roots

Polynomial Integer Root Theorem

Polynomial Rational Root Theorem

Why is $\deg(0)=-\infty$?

Square Root of a Complex Number

The Quadratic Formula

$n^{\text{th}}$ Roots of a Complex Number

De Moivre’s Formula

Complex Triangle Inequality

Triple Angle Trig Identities

Double & Half Angle Trig Identities

Pythagorean Theorem

Angle Bisector Theorem

Exterior Angle Theorem

Interior Angle Theorem

Sum of Powers of Positive Integers

Telescoping & Partial Fraction Decomposition

Geometric Series

Arithmetic Series Using Gauss’s Formula

Floor and Ceiling Sum Bounds

Hermite’s Floor Identity

Reverse Triangle Inequality

Real Triangle Inequality

Compound vs. Simple Interest

Bernoulli’s Inequality

Real Archimedean Property

Discrete Fubini’s Principle

Harmonic Series Divergence

Counting the Pages of a Book

Logarithmic Change of Base Identity

Rationalizing a Denominator

Unique Even and Odd Parts of a Function

Inverses in a Binary Operation are Unique

Identity Element of a Binary Operation is Unique

Cantor’s Paradox in Set Theory

Cantor’s Theorem in Set Theory

Bijective Function if and only if Inverse Exists

Bertrand Russell’s Paradox in Set Theory

Subset Relation is a Partial Order

Bounded Quantifiers in Logic

De Morgan’s Laws in Logic

The Principle of Explosion in Logic

Why Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens are Valid